Jewel Time comes across the festivities of Eid-ul-Fitar 2011
Whether it was in happiness, sadness, joy or sorrow, Eid-ul-Fitr was being celebrated around the country, marking the end of the holy month of Ramadan. Observers of Islam around the country started marking the holiday by gathering inside mosques for prayers.
Pakistan celebrated Eid-ul-Fitr after Central Ruet-i-Hilal Committee announced on Tuesday, 30th September that the moon of Shawwal had been sighted. In the meantime, Eid was being celebrated on the same day in different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and all tribal agencies and Frontier Regions.
Eid-ul-Fitr celebrates the purification gained during Ramadan which is a month of fasting from sunrise-to-sunset, one of the five pillars of Islam. Eid is the first day of Shawwal and a major holiday. As the most significant Islamic events depend on lunar sighting, the timings of festivals can vary in different countries. Many Muslims offer communal prayers, listen to a khutba (sermon) and give zakat ul-fitr (charity in the form of food) during Eid ul-Fitr.
President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani also greeted the nation on the occasion of Eid, and advised to promote care, tolerance, patience and brotherhood. They said that these principles were needed to create a society according to the principles of Islam.
Soon after the declaration that the Shawwal moon had been sighted on Tuesday night, a wave of happiness surged through the people all-over Pakistan. Many people rushed into the markets and Eid bazaars for shopping and women couldn’t wait to go to the beauty parlors and shops, buying bangles and mehndi and come back home as soon, to prepare delicious food and sweets for the next day. People remained busy in shopping in the markets till late night. The bazaars had been occupied for the last many days and festivities reached their peak on the Eid day, with scores of families turning out in great numbers for shopping. Many people also flocked to Race Course Park and Bagh-e-Jinnah and other picnic points in the city.
For those who go to sleep early, the night was longer than the usual days, dreaming of the joys of the next day; to put on their new clothes and shoes, then to approach their elders and wish them a happy Eid while impatiently eager to get their gifts and “Eidi”.
Specific security measures were also adopted on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr. Policemen were on duty outside bazaars, shopping centers and sensitive public and private buildings. Strict security measures were also taken outside the Eidgahs.
Big Eid congregations were held across Pakistan. It was good to see the special arrangements that were made to offer Eid prayers throughout the country. On this special event, special prayers were offered for peace, development and prosperity of the country, unity of the Ummah, solution of their problems and liberation of Muslim territories.
The culture of cinemas has also grown immensely in the past few years. People from all walks of life go to cinemas to watch Hollywood, Bollywood and Lollywood movies, especially those in the hit list. It has become a great interest for the audience to visit different parts of the world virtually, that lets them experience other cultures and activities of the life of people living in different countries across the world. One of the reasons for the charm of cinema is that it entertains all types of people, young and old, literate and illiterate. It is a place where one can go to with his/her family or friends or even alone.
The cinema attracts a huge number of people on a daily basis. Keeping in mind the current situation of the country, people want to go out and watch movies to ease their minds and lift up their hopes and spirits. Cinemas have actually become so popular in Pakistan now that some of the cinemas remain open for the late hours, having their last show starting at around 12 am. Just like every year, this year Eid came with all its festivities and pleasure. Cinemas were full of audiences from all walks of life.
Eid has its very own importance and passion. Muslims celebrate to thank Allah for giving them the patience to complete the month of fasting successfully. Besides one’s own happiness and joy, one should always remember their poor Muslim fellows and share their Eid with them.
Sunday, October 30, 2011
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Love, the Facebook Style
Love has always been considered as one of the most sensitive emotions of the world. It has a great connection with feelings and mood. In each era, Lovers have been expressing their feelings concerning love in their possible way.
Facebook has become one of the most active social networking sites in the world.Facebook users must be thankful to the founder of facebook, Mark Zukerberg, who was being named as Time’s Person of the year 2010.He came up with the idea of facebook while he was studying at Harvard. By introducing sites like facebook, Mark Zuckerberg has played a prominent role in bringing a revolution towards the world of Internet.
Among many others, this revolution in internet has become a great help towards love and relationships.
It would be fun to mention that now Lovers have found an effective way to express their feelings and moods, especially those who really want others to know about their emotions. Let’s have a look at some exclusive styles of Love on facebook.
The sensation of Love:
As we watch TV and read in books, a person in love and his expressions and feelings do attract our attention. In the same way, a lover loves to share his new sensation of love on facebook, keeping his friends’ attention to his profile, specially ‘Status Updates’. Status like ‘Love is in the air’,’ my heart beats faster now’,’ what’s with this feeling in my heart’ or lyrics from any romantic song and their links and videos are greatly being shared by the lovers of 21st century, when they are in Love!
If that special someone is in the lover’s friend’s list, he would seem to be a regular user of the applications like ‘Friend of the day’ and ‘Who will you date today?’
Love me, Love me not:
What if there are doubts from the person the lover loves? He might capture the attention of others through his confused and disputed expressions on facebook.If the other person doesn’t love back, the lover fills his and his friends’ walls with broken heart songs and links and status updates. Applications like ‘What’s your mood today’, are also actively being used during such situations.
Commitments:
The newly committed couples, either married, engaged or committed through true promises mostly waste no time in changing their relationship status from single to committed or married. Some uneasy users do use cartoon psychics and compatibility calculators to satisfy the new relationships while others happily start sharing their happy moods and seem to be interested towards the Love quizzes. They also seem to be more interested towards daily ‘Love Horoscopes’.
The lovely honeymoon couples:
The couples, deeply in Love, greatly enjoy their honeymoon period through facebook as well. They leave no chance in filling each other’s walls with lovely messages. They become more interested towards applications like ‘How deep is your love today’.
Above all, they upload albums and pictures of their lovely time with each other.
The conflicts:
The conflicts are no more limited to face to face arguments, crying on phones or thinking too much while sitting alone. In today’s world, facebook has become an active source of ‘Personal wars in public’, Lovers have no problem in arguing with each other on facebook, Infact, they prefer it a great platform where they would find an ultimate solution to their misunderstandings. Status war has become a favorite way to fight for lovers. They love to bother and tease each other while letting their friends enjoy their loving conflicts.
Many times while using the walls of mutual friends, a person gives indirect messages to his partner, allowing others to interfere and have fun by the war of love birds.
Misunderstandings, Fights and Doubts:
It’s a very specific issue. The lovers do face different kinds of misunderstandings on facebook.Sometimes a female misunderstands the conversation between her lover and his friend while on the other side, the guy becomes possessive for his companion. Most of the times, applications like ‘Your top fans’, do envy a lover when he doesn’t find his name on the top.
Breakups:
Facebook has now become a good friend of the one with broken relationship. The heart break kid now finds facebook a great site to pass time and share his feelings by sharing sad songs.
Since years, the process of finding matches via internet has become prominent; a great number of people are getting themselves committed through facebook. Not everyone gets deceived, if they like someone and are all ready to have a relationship with a person, they find their own way to get information about that special someone through mutual friends or other possible ways.
The future of relationships on facebook is both risky as well as precious, depending completely on an individual as it fully depends on a person that to what extent he allows others to know about his personal life.
Facebook has become one of the most active social networking sites in the world.Facebook users must be thankful to the founder of facebook, Mark Zukerberg, who was being named as Time’s Person of the year 2010.He came up with the idea of facebook while he was studying at Harvard. By introducing sites like facebook, Mark Zuckerberg has played a prominent role in bringing a revolution towards the world of Internet.
Among many others, this revolution in internet has become a great help towards love and relationships.
It would be fun to mention that now Lovers have found an effective way to express their feelings and moods, especially those who really want others to know about their emotions. Let’s have a look at some exclusive styles of Love on facebook.
The sensation of Love:
As we watch TV and read in books, a person in love and his expressions and feelings do attract our attention. In the same way, a lover loves to share his new sensation of love on facebook, keeping his friends’ attention to his profile, specially ‘Status Updates’. Status like ‘Love is in the air’,’ my heart beats faster now’,’ what’s with this feeling in my heart’ or lyrics from any romantic song and their links and videos are greatly being shared by the lovers of 21st century, when they are in Love!
If that special someone is in the lover’s friend’s list, he would seem to be a regular user of the applications like ‘Friend of the day’ and ‘Who will you date today?’
Love me, Love me not:
What if there are doubts from the person the lover loves? He might capture the attention of others through his confused and disputed expressions on facebook.If the other person doesn’t love back, the lover fills his and his friends’ walls with broken heart songs and links and status updates. Applications like ‘What’s your mood today’, are also actively being used during such situations.
Commitments:
The newly committed couples, either married, engaged or committed through true promises mostly waste no time in changing their relationship status from single to committed or married. Some uneasy users do use cartoon psychics and compatibility calculators to satisfy the new relationships while others happily start sharing their happy moods and seem to be interested towards the Love quizzes. They also seem to be more interested towards daily ‘Love Horoscopes’.
The lovely honeymoon couples:
The couples, deeply in Love, greatly enjoy their honeymoon period through facebook as well. They leave no chance in filling each other’s walls with lovely messages. They become more interested towards applications like ‘How deep is your love today’.
Above all, they upload albums and pictures of their lovely time with each other.
The conflicts:
The conflicts are no more limited to face to face arguments, crying on phones or thinking too much while sitting alone. In today’s world, facebook has become an active source of ‘Personal wars in public’, Lovers have no problem in arguing with each other on facebook, Infact, they prefer it a great platform where they would find an ultimate solution to their misunderstandings. Status war has become a favorite way to fight for lovers. They love to bother and tease each other while letting their friends enjoy their loving conflicts.
Many times while using the walls of mutual friends, a person gives indirect messages to his partner, allowing others to interfere and have fun by the war of love birds.
Misunderstandings, Fights and Doubts:
It’s a very specific issue. The lovers do face different kinds of misunderstandings on facebook.Sometimes a female misunderstands the conversation between her lover and his friend while on the other side, the guy becomes possessive for his companion. Most of the times, applications like ‘Your top fans’, do envy a lover when he doesn’t find his name on the top.
Breakups:
Facebook has now become a good friend of the one with broken relationship. The heart break kid now finds facebook a great site to pass time and share his feelings by sharing sad songs.
Since years, the process of finding matches via internet has become prominent; a great number of people are getting themselves committed through facebook. Not everyone gets deceived, if they like someone and are all ready to have a relationship with a person, they find their own way to get information about that special someone through mutual friends or other possible ways.
The future of relationships on facebook is both risky as well as precious, depending completely on an individual as it fully depends on a person that to what extent he allows others to know about his personal life.
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Bold and Beautiful
Having confidence in you counts a lot. Confidence allows you to interact with others easily. If you are confident enough you can always face any kind of challenges and activities in Life. Confidence lets you trust your decisions and yourself.
All these characteristics add the quality of boldness in you for sure. But, there is one more characteristic, a very specific one I must say. Before I go further, I want to you to be very obvious about it. I want you to be clear about the concept of beauty, at least for me. Being beautiful is not being skinny, tall and fair.Beauty is how you carry your physical features which God has gifted you. For me, being beautiful is having a good and neat personality. Being beautiful is having a good sense of dressing and a pleasant way of interacting with others.
Trust me; if you possess such qualities, you are the most beautiful person in the world. It’s really heartbreaking when I see an individual lacking confidence in him, just because he thinks he is not beautiful enough? You can’t always transform your basic features. You can’t always change your basic physical characteristics. What you can always change is your way of living, your personality and your inner self!
Stop crying for what you can’t be. Be happy and focus on what you can be.
You and Yourself
You should trust yourself before trusting others. To an extent, No one can guide you better than your own self. You should take out sometime for yourself out of your busy schedule. Look around you and relate it to your existence.
Colors, dresses, shoes, jewelleries and accessories have a great effect on your life. Observe your budget and go for your favorite ones. Trust me being beautiful is not expensive. Neither does it take much money.
Be confident. Be sure of who you are. Be sure of your morals, ethics and beliefs. Do not allow others to dictate your value. You should learn to Stand up for yourself! I have seen so many people today who allow others, life, family, and various situations over their sense of worth.
You should just be yourself. Be normal, ordinary, expected, and regular and do the things you would likely do. I don’t guess it’s that hard? Sometimes it could be. Maybe because you get worried about fitting in and being part of the in-crowd? Sometimes it is ok to stand alone. It is fine to be different that is what will complete your beauty and make it natural.
You should learn to accept yourself and realize the value of your existence. Life is not always about reaching others’ standard. It’s also about doing things for yourself and being yourself.
I am not asking you to be selfish. I want you to be better enough to help and face others. You should be in a best position to be satisfied with your ownself.Then only you would be able to satisfy others.
Feel Great!
It’s a fact, not everybody who admires fashion might be as skinny as a runway model. Unfortunately, most of the people feel intimidated by the rich fashion designs. These designs are often made for an ultra-thin consumer. Moreover, everywhere you turn there are ads, commercials, television shows and movies that feature a personality of a single body type. Every now and then, the messages that the media gives to the world regarding the ideal body type can be discouraging for the plus size individuals. However, being a bit healthy is not the end of the world in life or in fashion design.
To look great is just to know where and how to shop, and how to dress for your particular size and shape! All of us are beautiful in our own way. Especially those who know how to dress ourselves. Don't abuse yourself, by picking clothes that are too tight for you. This won't feel comfortable, instead you will appear as uncomfortable as you will feel. All of us can't be super models. That never means we have to hide ourselves in baggy clothes. Be more confident and enhance yourself. Just because you have got a plus size doesn't mean you can't look fabulous.
Fashion is not always about what’s inn, it’s mostly about what looks good on you. Learn to carry yourself in a smarter way and look great!
The Real Beauty
Beauty is not always about putting on makeup. Makeup does enhance our physical attributes but it doesn’t make us beautiful. Being beautiful is being confident and accepting yourself. You should embrace who you are and live a life that honors God. Your character traits, aspirations, and how your carry yourself build your true beauty. Be beautiful, be yourself! Embrace your personality.
I am sorry if you are putting all your efforts and hopes on your outer appearance. These physical attributes will not last forever. Your body changes as you get older. Real Beauty is your love for the people, your compassion, your passion for life, your grace and mercy, your smile, your laugh and the list goes on and on.
You need to observe yourself. Observe what needs to be change in you. If you think you should lose weight? Go for it. If you think you need some physical grooming? Go for it. If there is a possibility for a change, then go for it but, never lose your own self for it. Trust me, only you have got the tools to look bold and beautiful. Once you go through this change in yourself you will realize that you are gaining self confidence .You will feel better for who you are. So, don't hide, come out and prove that you are bold and beautiful!
All these characteristics add the quality of boldness in you for sure. But, there is one more characteristic, a very specific one I must say. Before I go further, I want to you to be very obvious about it. I want you to be clear about the concept of beauty, at least for me. Being beautiful is not being skinny, tall and fair.Beauty is how you carry your physical features which God has gifted you. For me, being beautiful is having a good and neat personality. Being beautiful is having a good sense of dressing and a pleasant way of interacting with others.
Trust me; if you possess such qualities, you are the most beautiful person in the world. It’s really heartbreaking when I see an individual lacking confidence in him, just because he thinks he is not beautiful enough? You can’t always transform your basic features. You can’t always change your basic physical characteristics. What you can always change is your way of living, your personality and your inner self!
Stop crying for what you can’t be. Be happy and focus on what you can be.
You and Yourself
You should trust yourself before trusting others. To an extent, No one can guide you better than your own self. You should take out sometime for yourself out of your busy schedule. Look around you and relate it to your existence.
Colors, dresses, shoes, jewelleries and accessories have a great effect on your life. Observe your budget and go for your favorite ones. Trust me being beautiful is not expensive. Neither does it take much money.
Be confident. Be sure of who you are. Be sure of your morals, ethics and beliefs. Do not allow others to dictate your value. You should learn to Stand up for yourself! I have seen so many people today who allow others, life, family, and various situations over their sense of worth.
You should just be yourself. Be normal, ordinary, expected, and regular and do the things you would likely do. I don’t guess it’s that hard? Sometimes it could be. Maybe because you get worried about fitting in and being part of the in-crowd? Sometimes it is ok to stand alone. It is fine to be different that is what will complete your beauty and make it natural.
You should learn to accept yourself and realize the value of your existence. Life is not always about reaching others’ standard. It’s also about doing things for yourself and being yourself.
I am not asking you to be selfish. I want you to be better enough to help and face others. You should be in a best position to be satisfied with your ownself.Then only you would be able to satisfy others.
Feel Great!
It’s a fact, not everybody who admires fashion might be as skinny as a runway model. Unfortunately, most of the people feel intimidated by the rich fashion designs. These designs are often made for an ultra-thin consumer. Moreover, everywhere you turn there are ads, commercials, television shows and movies that feature a personality of a single body type. Every now and then, the messages that the media gives to the world regarding the ideal body type can be discouraging for the plus size individuals. However, being a bit healthy is not the end of the world in life or in fashion design.
To look great is just to know where and how to shop, and how to dress for your particular size and shape! All of us are beautiful in our own way. Especially those who know how to dress ourselves. Don't abuse yourself, by picking clothes that are too tight for you. This won't feel comfortable, instead you will appear as uncomfortable as you will feel. All of us can't be super models. That never means we have to hide ourselves in baggy clothes. Be more confident and enhance yourself. Just because you have got a plus size doesn't mean you can't look fabulous.
Fashion is not always about what’s inn, it’s mostly about what looks good on you. Learn to carry yourself in a smarter way and look great!
The Real Beauty
Beauty is not always about putting on makeup. Makeup does enhance our physical attributes but it doesn’t make us beautiful. Being beautiful is being confident and accepting yourself. You should embrace who you are and live a life that honors God. Your character traits, aspirations, and how your carry yourself build your true beauty. Be beautiful, be yourself! Embrace your personality.
I am sorry if you are putting all your efforts and hopes on your outer appearance. These physical attributes will not last forever. Your body changes as you get older. Real Beauty is your love for the people, your compassion, your passion for life, your grace and mercy, your smile, your laugh and the list goes on and on.
You need to observe yourself. Observe what needs to be change in you. If you think you should lose weight? Go for it. If you think you need some physical grooming? Go for it. If there is a possibility for a change, then go for it but, never lose your own self for it. Trust me, only you have got the tools to look bold and beautiful. Once you go through this change in yourself you will realize that you are gaining self confidence .You will feel better for who you are. So, don't hide, come out and prove that you are bold and beautiful!
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
Infectious Diseases in Pakistan
Diseases which are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and other parasites become the main causes of death, disability, as well as social and economic disruption for millions of people. Despite the safe and effective interventions, many people are unable to follow the required prevention methods and treatment. Lack in productivity, missed educational opportunities and health care of high costs caused by infectious diseases directly affect families and communities.
Infections are more common in developing countries; the main reason behind it is the presence of co-infection. The unfavorable impact of infectious diseases is found to be most severe among the poorest people. These people have the fewest resources towards integrated health care, prevention tools and medications.
According to World health Organization (WHO), Pakistan ranks eighth on the list of 22 high-burden tuberculosis (TB) countries in the world. According to the researches, in 2007, an estimated 297,108 people in Pakistan (mostly adults in their productive years) developed TB. Besides that, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB and TB-HIV co-infection has become a growing concern in the country.
The Ministry of Health started to implement DOTS (the internationally recommended strategy for TB control) in 1995, where Baluchistan was selected as a pilot province. Much improvement has been made during the past five years. Pakistan’s case detection rate rose from 13 percent in the year 2002 to 67 percent in the year 2007, close to WHO’s target of 70 percent. According to the researches, DOTS coverage increased in Pakistan from 44 to 99 percent, during the year 2002 to 2007.
The sudden rise in case detection and the number of cases of TB reported every year since 2000 is the basic result of countrywide efforts to enhance the involvement of private practitioners and community volunteers to identify and refer TB suspects, as well as the common public who have helped with case finding. Since 2001, when TB was declared a national emergency by the Government, progress has been steady, with the support of USAID and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.
Regardless of improvements, the National TB Control Program (NTCP) still has to face challenges. As TB planning shifts from the national level to the district level, technical and managerial capacities at the provincial and district levels need strengthening. Furthermore, the private region might not be fully oriented to take care of patients using the DOTS approach.
Infectious diseases can be organized into the following exposure categories. Some are basically food or waterborne diseases which are acquired through eating or drinking on the local economy.
Hepatitis A
It is a viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver. It spreads through consumption of food or water contaminated with fecal matter, principally in areas of poor sanitation; victims exhibit fever, jaundice, and diarrhea.
Hepatitis E
It is a water-borne viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver. It most commonly spreads through fecal contamination of drinking water; victims exhibit jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark colored urine.
Typhoid fever
It is a bacterial disease that spreads through contact with food or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit sustained high fevers; left untreated.
Others are vectorborne diseases acquired through the bite of an infected arthropod.
Malaria
It is caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium that is transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito; parasites multiply in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting in cycles of fever, chills, and sweats.
Dengue fever
It is a mosquito-borne viral disease. It is associated with urban environments; manifests as sudden onset of fever and severe headache.
Yellow fever
It is also a mosquito-borne viral disease. Its severity ranges from influenza-like symptoms to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever.
Plague
It is a bacterial disease that is transmitted by fleas usually linked with rats; person-to-person airborne transmission also possible; recent plague epidemics occurred in the regions of Asia, Africa, and South America associated with rural areas or small towns and villages.
In Pakistan, there is the need of working out an unusual strategy for the challenges ahead in the year 2011, as it continued to witness double burden of infectious diseases, in 2010.
According to statistics, Pakistan had been unable to control the burden of communicable diseases like tuberculosis, malaria, dengue fever, typhoid, viral hepatitis, cholera and other infections which were caused due to floods in 2010.At the same time there had been a rising trend of non-communicable diseases like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension and cancer in the country.
Experts state that though Pakistan put efforts to develop primary healthcare across the country, a lot is yet to be done. Besides that, the change in climate, which continued to endanger health and food safety were among the foremost health issues that needs to be focused. According to the experts, Pakistan needs to invest a lot on research on most valuable measures in order to protect health from climate change, particularly in vulnerable populations such as women, children and elderly in the country.
It is also believed that the economic recession has affected health and society. Trauma centers need to be developed in all major cities of the country, .However; almost no attention has yet been paid to the subject. Social inequities and injustice still kills people on a grand scale.
The important infectious diseases, which especially hit Pakistan in 2010, were ‘gastro’, ‘dengue fever’, ‘Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever’. Thousands of cases of gastro and dengue fever were reported in various cities of Pakistan. However, the provincial government has allocated little budget for prevention and control of the said infections.
The global shift from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases was observed with heart diseases and stroke as primary killers. Besides that, the increase in cancer that is tied to an aging population and the trend was witnessed in Pakistan too.
Likewise, majority of health experts want that media campaigns should be given more attention to control the outbreak of the use of tobacco especially in youth and prevention and control of both the communicable and non-communicable diseases in the year 2011.
Infections are more common in developing countries; the main reason behind it is the presence of co-infection. The unfavorable impact of infectious diseases is found to be most severe among the poorest people. These people have the fewest resources towards integrated health care, prevention tools and medications.
According to World health Organization (WHO), Pakistan ranks eighth on the list of 22 high-burden tuberculosis (TB) countries in the world. According to the researches, in 2007, an estimated 297,108 people in Pakistan (mostly adults in their productive years) developed TB. Besides that, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB and TB-HIV co-infection has become a growing concern in the country.
The Ministry of Health started to implement DOTS (the internationally recommended strategy for TB control) in 1995, where Baluchistan was selected as a pilot province. Much improvement has been made during the past five years. Pakistan’s case detection rate rose from 13 percent in the year 2002 to 67 percent in the year 2007, close to WHO’s target of 70 percent. According to the researches, DOTS coverage increased in Pakistan from 44 to 99 percent, during the year 2002 to 2007.
The sudden rise in case detection and the number of cases of TB reported every year since 2000 is the basic result of countrywide efforts to enhance the involvement of private practitioners and community volunteers to identify and refer TB suspects, as well as the common public who have helped with case finding. Since 2001, when TB was declared a national emergency by the Government, progress has been steady, with the support of USAID and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.
Regardless of improvements, the National TB Control Program (NTCP) still has to face challenges. As TB planning shifts from the national level to the district level, technical and managerial capacities at the provincial and district levels need strengthening. Furthermore, the private region might not be fully oriented to take care of patients using the DOTS approach.
Infectious diseases can be organized into the following exposure categories. Some are basically food or waterborne diseases which are acquired through eating or drinking on the local economy.
Hepatitis A
It is a viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver. It spreads through consumption of food or water contaminated with fecal matter, principally in areas of poor sanitation; victims exhibit fever, jaundice, and diarrhea.
Hepatitis E
It is a water-borne viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver. It most commonly spreads through fecal contamination of drinking water; victims exhibit jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark colored urine.
Typhoid fever
It is a bacterial disease that spreads through contact with food or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit sustained high fevers; left untreated.
Others are vectorborne diseases acquired through the bite of an infected arthropod.
Malaria
It is caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium that is transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito; parasites multiply in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting in cycles of fever, chills, and sweats.
Dengue fever
It is a mosquito-borne viral disease. It is associated with urban environments; manifests as sudden onset of fever and severe headache.
Yellow fever
It is also a mosquito-borne viral disease. Its severity ranges from influenza-like symptoms to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever.
Plague
It is a bacterial disease that is transmitted by fleas usually linked with rats; person-to-person airborne transmission also possible; recent plague epidemics occurred in the regions of Asia, Africa, and South America associated with rural areas or small towns and villages.
In Pakistan, there is the need of working out an unusual strategy for the challenges ahead in the year 2011, as it continued to witness double burden of infectious diseases, in 2010.
According to statistics, Pakistan had been unable to control the burden of communicable diseases like tuberculosis, malaria, dengue fever, typhoid, viral hepatitis, cholera and other infections which were caused due to floods in 2010.At the same time there had been a rising trend of non-communicable diseases like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension and cancer in the country.
Experts state that though Pakistan put efforts to develop primary healthcare across the country, a lot is yet to be done. Besides that, the change in climate, which continued to endanger health and food safety were among the foremost health issues that needs to be focused. According to the experts, Pakistan needs to invest a lot on research on most valuable measures in order to protect health from climate change, particularly in vulnerable populations such as women, children and elderly in the country.
It is also believed that the economic recession has affected health and society. Trauma centers need to be developed in all major cities of the country, .However; almost no attention has yet been paid to the subject. Social inequities and injustice still kills people on a grand scale.
The important infectious diseases, which especially hit Pakistan in 2010, were ‘gastro’, ‘dengue fever’, ‘Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever’. Thousands of cases of gastro and dengue fever were reported in various cities of Pakistan. However, the provincial government has allocated little budget for prevention and control of the said infections.
The global shift from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases was observed with heart diseases and stroke as primary killers. Besides that, the increase in cancer that is tied to an aging population and the trend was witnessed in Pakistan too.
Likewise, majority of health experts want that media campaigns should be given more attention to control the outbreak of the use of tobacco especially in youth and prevention and control of both the communicable and non-communicable diseases in the year 2011.
Monday, October 24, 2011
Integration of Evidence-Based Practice into Professional Nursing Practice
Introduction
The profession of nursing is considered as a sensitive
profession. Proper need of study and guidance are the prominent
factors before putting this profession into practice. Research
findings are expected to incorporate knowledgeably into such
professional practices. It has been found out that
health care organizations have began to create methods to
support the process of information translation towards a
professional nursing practice.
Previously, the term ‘evidence-based practice’ was known as
‘evidence-based medicine’. This was the result of the
identification of scientific evidence in clinical decision-
making.
Various definitions of evidence-based practice have been
mentioned. According to a definition evidence-based practice
(EBP) is, ‘the practice of health care in which the practitioner
systematically finds, appraises, and uses the most current and
valid research findings as the basis for clinical decisions’
Five basic stages of the evidence-based practice:
There are five basic stages that must be completed prior to the
incorporation of evidence based practice into a final
performance.
The five stages are:
• The Question: The first stage is to recognize the need of a
new information. The need of this information has to be
transformed into an answerable question. It is must to take care
of the objectivity of an information.
• Finding the Evidence: The second stage in evidence based
practice is choosing the right evidence. It is of primary
importance as no mistake must be allowed in practical
implementation.
• Appraisal: In order to determine the validity and potential
usefulness of evidence, there is a need of a critical
appraisal.
• Acting on Evidence: Once it has been concluded that the
evidence is of sound quality, one has to decide the
incorporation of the evidence into his clinical practice.
• Evaluation and Reflection: This is a fundamental part of
nursing practice. In evaluation and reflection, it is essential
to verify that whether the action taken has achieved the desire
results.
The first stage is basically generates knowledge, where
information is discovered by a scientific inquiry and a
traditional research. This knowledge is then summarized and is
created into a useful and an informative data. This ultimately
leads towards more credible results. Then this evidence is
transformed into practical recommendations and integrated into
practice.
High quality of professional nursing care is a key factor in the
professional nursing practice. This factor is one of the basic
elements which holds a decisive tool regarding how a patient
must be taken care of. As far as the staff nurse is concerned,
it possess a critical linkage to bring research-based changed
into clinical practice.
Observing the environment, a health care organization has to
attentive and efficient regarding the application of research
findings, which related to the point-of-care deliverance.
A Clinical example for a professional evidence-based practice
Let’s take a clinical example to understand this factor more
Deeply:
As we know that infections can easily be spread on the hands of
healthcare workers.So, there is a need of proper hand hygiene
policy. As this policy might take minutes before entering a room
to deliver patient care. These minutes are very precious in a
busy hospital, where nurses care for many critically ill
patients. In order to save time, many hospitals have turned to
alcohol-based handrubs.These hand cleaners are being put closer
to patients.However, one might wonder if alcohol based hand rubs
which are placed inside the rooms of patients would help
increasing the incidence of hand washing and would lessen
nosocomial infection.
Different programs are taking steps for providing consumers
with a benchmark to determine the quality of care. According to
them, recognition of quality patient care, excellence in nursing
and innovation in professional nursing practice must highly be
kept under consideration.
Movements of evidence-based practice and the significant
assistances help nurses to improve research utilization. It is
very necessary for busy health professional to have a good
awareness regarding the latest researches and knowledge. This
would ultimately help them to take care of their patients in as
best way as possible.
Evidence-based medicine:
Main focus for the evidence-based medicine is the need for
medical practitioners to support their studies and activities on
the latest knowledge. The evidence-based practice acknowledges
the obstacles faced by busy practitioners and keeps them updated
with a healthy literature regarding health care. Besides
that, evidence-based practice emphasizes the need of a condensed
information.
Conclusion
The rapid expansion of literature on evidence-based practice in
nursing must be observed actively and carefully. A growing
awareness has been observed in United states and much work has
already been started in the United Kingdom. Besides that,
Australia, New Zealand and some other countries, are taking
efforts for the required development of infrastructure of
evidence-based health care and nursing.
Life and health of a patient depends on the quality of care and
Nursing. Not a single space for any kind of mistake is allowed
in the profession of nursing. Evidence-based practice supports
this factor for the best possible outcomes for the health of a
patient.
The profession of nursing is considered as a sensitive
profession. Proper need of study and guidance are the prominent
factors before putting this profession into practice. Research
findings are expected to incorporate knowledgeably into such
professional practices. It has been found out that
health care organizations have began to create methods to
support the process of information translation towards a
professional nursing practice.
Previously, the term ‘evidence-based practice’ was known as
‘evidence-based medicine’. This was the result of the
identification of scientific evidence in clinical decision-
making.
Various definitions of evidence-based practice have been
mentioned. According to a definition evidence-based practice
(EBP) is, ‘the practice of health care in which the practitioner
systematically finds, appraises, and uses the most current and
valid research findings as the basis for clinical decisions’
Five basic stages of the evidence-based practice:
There are five basic stages that must be completed prior to the
incorporation of evidence based practice into a final
performance.
The five stages are:
• The Question: The first stage is to recognize the need of a
new information. The need of this information has to be
transformed into an answerable question. It is must to take care
of the objectivity of an information.
• Finding the Evidence: The second stage in evidence based
practice is choosing the right evidence. It is of primary
importance as no mistake must be allowed in practical
implementation.
• Appraisal: In order to determine the validity and potential
usefulness of evidence, there is a need of a critical
appraisal.
• Acting on Evidence: Once it has been concluded that the
evidence is of sound quality, one has to decide the
incorporation of the evidence into his clinical practice.
• Evaluation and Reflection: This is a fundamental part of
nursing practice. In evaluation and reflection, it is essential
to verify that whether the action taken has achieved the desire
results.
The first stage is basically generates knowledge, where
information is discovered by a scientific inquiry and a
traditional research. This knowledge is then summarized and is
created into a useful and an informative data. This ultimately
leads towards more credible results. Then this evidence is
transformed into practical recommendations and integrated into
practice.
High quality of professional nursing care is a key factor in the
professional nursing practice. This factor is one of the basic
elements which holds a decisive tool regarding how a patient
must be taken care of. As far as the staff nurse is concerned,
it possess a critical linkage to bring research-based changed
into clinical practice.
Observing the environment, a health care organization has to
attentive and efficient regarding the application of research
findings, which related to the point-of-care deliverance.
A Clinical example for a professional evidence-based practice
Let’s take a clinical example to understand this factor more
Deeply:
As we know that infections can easily be spread on the hands of
healthcare workers.So, there is a need of proper hand hygiene
policy. As this policy might take minutes before entering a room
to deliver patient care. These minutes are very precious in a
busy hospital, where nurses care for many critically ill
patients. In order to save time, many hospitals have turned to
alcohol-based handrubs.These hand cleaners are being put closer
to patients.However, one might wonder if alcohol based hand rubs
which are placed inside the rooms of patients would help
increasing the incidence of hand washing and would lessen
nosocomial infection.
Different programs are taking steps for providing consumers
with a benchmark to determine the quality of care. According to
them, recognition of quality patient care, excellence in nursing
and innovation in professional nursing practice must highly be
kept under consideration.
Movements of evidence-based practice and the significant
assistances help nurses to improve research utilization. It is
very necessary for busy health professional to have a good
awareness regarding the latest researches and knowledge. This
would ultimately help them to take care of their patients in as
best way as possible.
Evidence-based medicine:
Main focus for the evidence-based medicine is the need for
medical practitioners to support their studies and activities on
the latest knowledge. The evidence-based practice acknowledges
the obstacles faced by busy practitioners and keeps them updated
with a healthy literature regarding health care. Besides
that, evidence-based practice emphasizes the need of a condensed
information.
Conclusion
The rapid expansion of literature on evidence-based practice in
nursing must be observed actively and carefully. A growing
awareness has been observed in United states and much work has
already been started in the United Kingdom. Besides that,
Australia, New Zealand and some other countries, are taking
efforts for the required development of infrastructure of
evidence-based health care and nursing.
Life and health of a patient depends on the quality of care and
Nursing. Not a single space for any kind of mistake is allowed
in the profession of nursing. Evidence-based practice supports
this factor for the best possible outcomes for the health of a
patient.
Saturday, October 22, 2011
Food and Agriculture sector in Pakistan
South Asian countries are mostly the rural-based countries, where more than half of their labor forces are engaged in agriculture.
It has been found out that the population was expected to rise at 1.6% during the year 2010.It has now been expected that by 2020, the population of this region will increase up to the level of 206 million in Pakistan. As a result, the demand for food grain like wheat and rice is expected to increase considerably with the growth of population and income.However, the huge technological phenomenon can fulfill the actual demand.
As far as Pakistan is concerned, agriculture is a very significant sector of the economy of Pakistan.Infact, the welfare of a large population depends on a resourceful harnessing of the agricultural source of Pakistan. The population of Pakistan has reached to a level of above 145 million and to fulfill the needs of the growing population, there is the need of a continuous increment through an enhancement in per hectare yields. It is thus, important for farmers to be able to use a balanced package of technology.
It seems that the private sectors have put efforts to support pesticides and fertilizers. This has showed a good output.However, a lack has still been found in the quality of seeds which has seriously started to affect the general production finances of the farmers.
It has been mentioned in a research that the overall agricultural GDP growth rate in Pakistan was below potential in the past several years.This low rate was the result of some provisional factors like the critical conditions of weather. Besides that, in the overall period of 1989-90 to 2004-05, the average growth rate was being calculated up to 2.3 %.However, it increased to 3% after a period of time but, again it was only 1.5% in 2007.
Top Production in Pakistan in the year 2008
Commodity Production (Int$1000)
Buffalo milk, whole, fresh 9957907
Wheat 3023994
Cotton lint 2983804
Cow milk, whole, fresh 2918026
Rice, paddy 2162313
Indigenous Cattle Meat 1406209
Sugar cane 1194856
Indigenous Buffalo Meat 1144793
Indigenous Chicken Meat 700330
Cottonseed 449528
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas 427005
Hen eggs, in shell 417796
Indigenous Goat Meat 397314
Chillies and peppers, dry 386122
Onions, dry 371381
Potatoes 347249
Maize 311997
Indigenous Sheep Meat 304185
Oranges 302448
Dates 213193
It can be said that the agricultural rate has basically revealed mixed trends in the period of the current decade. The growth rate was up to 7.9% in 2005, which was good but, later the challenges like weather and water scarcity let the growth rate towards a critical condition. According to the researches, the annual agriculture growth rate of Pakistan from 2004-05 to 2010 is as following:
Year Growth Rate Target
2009-10 2.0% 3.8%
2008-09 4.7% 3.5%
2007-08 1.5% 4.8%
2006-07 5.0% -
2005-06 2.5% 4.2%
2004-05 7.9% 4%
As far as the total cereal production of 2010 is concerned, it has been calculated around 35 million tonnes, which is around 7% lower than that of 2009, which is at the same level of the 5 year average.However, the overall cereal exports for 2009/2010 were estimated till 3.5 million tonnes, compared to 3.8% million tones of the average of 5 year.
Source: http://www.fao.org
According to the latest studies, the recent floods have led Pakistan towards substantial damage of the crops. The floods have killed 200,000 livestock and have destroyed about 4.25 million acres of crop which were worth US$5 billion. Pakistan has lost major crops like wheat, cotton, rice, suger cane and millet. Besides that, much damage has been done to the new seed varieties which were developed over years. It has also been expected that the long-lasting floods would affect region’s ecology. Above all, it has been declared that the recent floods have changed the overall agricultural scenario of Pakistan.
In fact, the destroyed crops include about three million bales of cotton which were worth US$1 billion. Following that, Pakistan has lost sugarcane worth US$588 million, maize which were worth US$259 million, rice paddies of worth US$247 million and above 667,000 tonnes of wheat of worth US$190 million. Besides that, Pakistan has lost livestock worth US$1 billion and vegetables and fruits worth US$18 million have been lost.
The food and agriculture sector in Pakistan needs a lot of attention and hard work. The latest researches have declared that there is the need of an optimal utilization, management and development of water resources, in order to achieve self-adequacy in food grain production and exportable surplus.
The economy of Pakistan is based upon agriculture. Awareness must be brought up regarding the use of appropriate irrigation technologies. Strong steps must be taken to control the prices of food because with the crash of the present food inflation, the inflation numbers for the final half of the year 2011 are expected to come down. The domestic consumption of Wheat in the same year has been expected to go downward. According to a long-term forecast, the consumption of wheat is expected to outpace production by the year 2014/15.Pakistan could find itself in an adverse scenario of being dependent on imports, in order to meet the domestic demand. This situation is vulnerable to the price fluctuations on the world markets as well. Due to the floods, the price of wheat flour has been shorted by more than 80% in some areas.
The flood scenario has distorted the cropping systems, soil characteristics and the depth of underground water. There is a need of an active practice of purchasing agriculture produce directly from farmers in the poultry industry. Pakistan Poultry association (PPA) is concerned over the imposition of about 3.5% WHT on the production of agriculture. The efficiency in farming has become very necessary for the development of poultry industry in Pakistan. The industry is putting efforts to increase the productivity concerning the current food and agricultural scenario in Pakistan. The population of Pakistan directly effects the food requirements and the water which is required to gain the required grain productions. So, there is a need of an improved food and agricultural policy to control the food and agriculture scenario in Pakistan.
It has been found out that the population was expected to rise at 1.6% during the year 2010.It has now been expected that by 2020, the population of this region will increase up to the level of 206 million in Pakistan. As a result, the demand for food grain like wheat and rice is expected to increase considerably with the growth of population and income.However, the huge technological phenomenon can fulfill the actual demand.
As far as Pakistan is concerned, agriculture is a very significant sector of the economy of Pakistan.Infact, the welfare of a large population depends on a resourceful harnessing of the agricultural source of Pakistan. The population of Pakistan has reached to a level of above 145 million and to fulfill the needs of the growing population, there is the need of a continuous increment through an enhancement in per hectare yields. It is thus, important for farmers to be able to use a balanced package of technology.
It seems that the private sectors have put efforts to support pesticides and fertilizers. This has showed a good output.However, a lack has still been found in the quality of seeds which has seriously started to affect the general production finances of the farmers.
It has been mentioned in a research that the overall agricultural GDP growth rate in Pakistan was below potential in the past several years.This low rate was the result of some provisional factors like the critical conditions of weather. Besides that, in the overall period of 1989-90 to 2004-05, the average growth rate was being calculated up to 2.3 %.However, it increased to 3% after a period of time but, again it was only 1.5% in 2007.
Top Production in Pakistan in the year 2008
Commodity Production (Int$1000)
Buffalo milk, whole, fresh 9957907
Wheat 3023994
Cotton lint 2983804
Cow milk, whole, fresh 2918026
Rice, paddy 2162313
Indigenous Cattle Meat 1406209
Sugar cane 1194856
Indigenous Buffalo Meat 1144793
Indigenous Chicken Meat 700330
Cottonseed 449528
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas 427005
Hen eggs, in shell 417796
Indigenous Goat Meat 397314
Chillies and peppers, dry 386122
Onions, dry 371381
Potatoes 347249
Maize 311997
Indigenous Sheep Meat 304185
Oranges 302448
Dates 213193
It can be said that the agricultural rate has basically revealed mixed trends in the period of the current decade. The growth rate was up to 7.9% in 2005, which was good but, later the challenges like weather and water scarcity let the growth rate towards a critical condition. According to the researches, the annual agriculture growth rate of Pakistan from 2004-05 to 2010 is as following:
Year Growth Rate Target
2009-10 2.0% 3.8%
2008-09 4.7% 3.5%
2007-08 1.5% 4.8%
2006-07 5.0% -
2005-06 2.5% 4.2%
2004-05 7.9% 4%
As far as the total cereal production of 2010 is concerned, it has been calculated around 35 million tonnes, which is around 7% lower than that of 2009, which is at the same level of the 5 year average.However, the overall cereal exports for 2009/2010 were estimated till 3.5 million tonnes, compared to 3.8% million tones of the average of 5 year.
Source: http://www.fao.org
According to the latest studies, the recent floods have led Pakistan towards substantial damage of the crops. The floods have killed 200,000 livestock and have destroyed about 4.25 million acres of crop which were worth US$5 billion. Pakistan has lost major crops like wheat, cotton, rice, suger cane and millet. Besides that, much damage has been done to the new seed varieties which were developed over years. It has also been expected that the long-lasting floods would affect region’s ecology. Above all, it has been declared that the recent floods have changed the overall agricultural scenario of Pakistan.
In fact, the destroyed crops include about three million bales of cotton which were worth US$1 billion. Following that, Pakistan has lost sugarcane worth US$588 million, maize which were worth US$259 million, rice paddies of worth US$247 million and above 667,000 tonnes of wheat of worth US$190 million. Besides that, Pakistan has lost livestock worth US$1 billion and vegetables and fruits worth US$18 million have been lost.
The food and agriculture sector in Pakistan needs a lot of attention and hard work. The latest researches have declared that there is the need of an optimal utilization, management and development of water resources, in order to achieve self-adequacy in food grain production and exportable surplus.
The economy of Pakistan is based upon agriculture. Awareness must be brought up regarding the use of appropriate irrigation technologies. Strong steps must be taken to control the prices of food because with the crash of the present food inflation, the inflation numbers for the final half of the year 2011 are expected to come down. The domestic consumption of Wheat in the same year has been expected to go downward. According to a long-term forecast, the consumption of wheat is expected to outpace production by the year 2014/15.Pakistan could find itself in an adverse scenario of being dependent on imports, in order to meet the domestic demand. This situation is vulnerable to the price fluctuations on the world markets as well. Due to the floods, the price of wheat flour has been shorted by more than 80% in some areas.
The flood scenario has distorted the cropping systems, soil characteristics and the depth of underground water. There is a need of an active practice of purchasing agriculture produce directly from farmers in the poultry industry. Pakistan Poultry association (PPA) is concerned over the imposition of about 3.5% WHT on the production of agriculture. The efficiency in farming has become very necessary for the development of poultry industry in Pakistan. The industry is putting efforts to increase the productivity concerning the current food and agricultural scenario in Pakistan. The population of Pakistan directly effects the food requirements and the water which is required to gain the required grain productions. So, there is a need of an improved food and agricultural policy to control the food and agriculture scenario in Pakistan.
Monday, October 10, 2011
Chemical sector in Pakistan
Chemical sector plays a fundamental role in the economic development of any nation. The global business of chemical forms the structure of the modern world. It converts essential raw materials into more than 70,000 various products, for industry as well as the goods of consumers that people depend on in their daily life. The modern chemical industry can be divided into four wide categories, including basic chemicals, specialty chemicals, life sciences, and consumer products. The cause for its outstanding success is the constant scientific and technological advances and breakthroughs, which have led to the expansion of new products and procedures.
During the time of independence, chemical industry in Pakistan was almost non-existent. Some traditional sectors have been developed over the years.However; the Chemical Industry in Pakistan is still at an emerging phase.
As far as the classification of the Chemical industry development of Pakistan is concerned, it can be classified into two sectors.1) the primary sector and 2) the secondary sector. Primary sector industries are at a large-scale. They are capital intensive industries that comprise refineries, natural gas, petrochemicals, metallurgical and projects based on mineral. They also supply feed stocks to the secondary chemical industry. Secondary industries are based on feed stocks which are either derived from primary sector of industries, or other different sources of raw materials. These industries are less capital intensive and they are based on high, medium or less advanced technologies.
By tradition, exports from Pakistan are basically the goods produced with low technology, feed stocks including resources like cotton, textiles, readymade garments and leather. These include 60% of total exports. The composition and contribution in exports of average and high products based on technology, containing chemicals, petrochemicals and other manufactured products is very small. It has varied between 8-10% of total exports from Pakistan. On the other hand, Pakistan possesses a very high addiction of imports of goods which are high value-added, and are expensive. Chemicals, medicines, drugs, dyes, capital plant, equipment and machinery, jointly account for about 40% of total imports with an expected value of US$16.3 billion for the year 2007-2008. Accordingly, the trade balance has been constantly increasing and was US$20.9 billion in 2007/08.
Chemicals like pesticides, fertilizers and industrial and consumer chemicals have become very important in many economic activities. They are actively being used in the industrial, agricultural and consumer sectors of Pakistan.However, Unfortunately there are no centralized treatment facility anywhere in the country.
According to a recent Healthcare Report: Pakistan’s rank is 16 in BMI’s Asia Pacific Business Environment (BERs).When observed on international basis, the rank of Pakistan is 75 out of 83 surveyed markets. Pakistan is facing issues due to instability and other happenings but, due to its strategic importance, Pakistan's foreign allies are expected to do everything they can to ensure its stability. However, foreign drug makers are also expected to continue to take a cautious stance regarding direct investment in the country.
In 2010, the overall rate of medicine, drugs and over-the-counter medicines has been calculated up to PKR 159.2bn (US$1.79bn).It has been observed that the medicine sector could face huge losses in FY10/11.This might be the result of uncertainty in the industry.
All the way through to 2014, the value of market at consumer prices is expected to be at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.13%. However, growth will only be 3.50% in US dollar terms, which would also proceed as prevention to foreign participation. The situation can improve over the ten-year forecast period, with CAGR rates as 8.84% and 6.98%, respectively.
Medicated drugs are expected to account at around 76- 78% for the five- and ten-year spans.
Besides, other business activities since years, different Chemicals are being imported and exported from Pakistan.
Discussing the consolidated figures for imports & exports such as chemicals, fertilizers, plastics, rubber, medicines, dyes & pigments, soaps & detergents, and the section of chemicals for the period from 2002-03 to 2008-09. Imports increased from 768 Million US $ in 2002-03 to 5,166 Million US $ in 2008-09 .On the other hand increment in exports was shown from 118 Million US $ in 2002-03 to 411 Million US $. Chemical shares in the total imports were about 15% while its share in exports was about 2.3%. The total imports of plants and equipment used for the manufacture of chemicals contributed about 23% of overall imports of Pakistan. The combined shares of the two categories like plants/equipments and chemicals were about 38% of country’s general imports and among major contributors of country’s imports. Pakistan’s trade deficit was about -- Billion US $ which has been increased to 17 Billion US $ in the year 2008-09.
According to the recent researches. For the time being, floods and political issues are expected to remain key features in Pakistan. From an economic point of view, it is expected that a decline in production and a provocation of price pressures will intensify stag factionary concerns, whereas modernization efforts will consume public funds for years to come. Besides that, the chemical industry has been involved in some crucial issues, especially after India blocked Chemical imports from Pakistan.
The Textile Processing is one of the most value-added, export-oriented as well as labor-intensive sectors of Textile Industry in Pakistan. The associated bodies with the textile processing opened three Regional/Zonal Offices in Faisalabad, Karachi, and Lahore/Gujranwala.
The total number of its associate units in the year 2009-10 was more than 450 spread all over Pakistan. The major object in the organization is to protect and promote the concerns of all persons who are dealing in the processing of textile products in Dyeing, Printing and Finishing.
For the recent development in the chemical sector of Pakistan, it must create its own capability and accomplish self-sufficiency in project design, engineering as well as the construction management required for the commercialization of technologies. There is a need to develop qualifications in the creation of medium and high technology based chemicals for export, along with the present industrial structure based on low technology resource based products. Above all, Pakistan must provide suitable inducements to entrepreneurs for the enlargement of an export-oriented chemical industry.
During the time of independence, chemical industry in Pakistan was almost non-existent. Some traditional sectors have been developed over the years.However; the Chemical Industry in Pakistan is still at an emerging phase.
As far as the classification of the Chemical industry development of Pakistan is concerned, it can be classified into two sectors.1) the primary sector and 2) the secondary sector. Primary sector industries are at a large-scale. They are capital intensive industries that comprise refineries, natural gas, petrochemicals, metallurgical and projects based on mineral. They also supply feed stocks to the secondary chemical industry. Secondary industries are based on feed stocks which are either derived from primary sector of industries, or other different sources of raw materials. These industries are less capital intensive and they are based on high, medium or less advanced technologies.
By tradition, exports from Pakistan are basically the goods produced with low technology, feed stocks including resources like cotton, textiles, readymade garments and leather. These include 60% of total exports. The composition and contribution in exports of average and high products based on technology, containing chemicals, petrochemicals and other manufactured products is very small. It has varied between 8-10% of total exports from Pakistan. On the other hand, Pakistan possesses a very high addiction of imports of goods which are high value-added, and are expensive. Chemicals, medicines, drugs, dyes, capital plant, equipment and machinery, jointly account for about 40% of total imports with an expected value of US$16.3 billion for the year 2007-2008. Accordingly, the trade balance has been constantly increasing and was US$20.9 billion in 2007/08.
Chemicals like pesticides, fertilizers and industrial and consumer chemicals have become very important in many economic activities. They are actively being used in the industrial, agricultural and consumer sectors of Pakistan.However, Unfortunately there are no centralized treatment facility anywhere in the country.
According to a recent Healthcare Report: Pakistan’s rank is 16 in BMI’s Asia Pacific Business Environment (BERs).When observed on international basis, the rank of Pakistan is 75 out of 83 surveyed markets. Pakistan is facing issues due to instability and other happenings but, due to its strategic importance, Pakistan's foreign allies are expected to do everything they can to ensure its stability. However, foreign drug makers are also expected to continue to take a cautious stance regarding direct investment in the country.
In 2010, the overall rate of medicine, drugs and over-the-counter medicines has been calculated up to PKR 159.2bn (US$1.79bn).It has been observed that the medicine sector could face huge losses in FY10/11.This might be the result of uncertainty in the industry.
All the way through to 2014, the value of market at consumer prices is expected to be at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.13%. However, growth will only be 3.50% in US dollar terms, which would also proceed as prevention to foreign participation. The situation can improve over the ten-year forecast period, with CAGR rates as 8.84% and 6.98%, respectively.
Medicated drugs are expected to account at around 76- 78% for the five- and ten-year spans.
Besides, other business activities since years, different Chemicals are being imported and exported from Pakistan.
Discussing the consolidated figures for imports & exports such as chemicals, fertilizers, plastics, rubber, medicines, dyes & pigments, soaps & detergents, and the section of chemicals for the period from 2002-03 to 2008-09. Imports increased from 768 Million US $ in 2002-03 to 5,166 Million US $ in 2008-09 .On the other hand increment in exports was shown from 118 Million US $ in 2002-03 to 411 Million US $. Chemical shares in the total imports were about 15% while its share in exports was about 2.3%. The total imports of plants and equipment used for the manufacture of chemicals contributed about 23% of overall imports of Pakistan. The combined shares of the two categories like plants/equipments and chemicals were about 38% of country’s general imports and among major contributors of country’s imports. Pakistan’s trade deficit was about -- Billion US $ which has been increased to 17 Billion US $ in the year 2008-09.
According to the recent researches. For the time being, floods and political issues are expected to remain key features in Pakistan. From an economic point of view, it is expected that a decline in production and a provocation of price pressures will intensify stag factionary concerns, whereas modernization efforts will consume public funds for years to come. Besides that, the chemical industry has been involved in some crucial issues, especially after India blocked Chemical imports from Pakistan.
The Textile Processing is one of the most value-added, export-oriented as well as labor-intensive sectors of Textile Industry in Pakistan. The associated bodies with the textile processing opened three Regional/Zonal Offices in Faisalabad, Karachi, and Lahore/Gujranwala.
The total number of its associate units in the year 2009-10 was more than 450 spread all over Pakistan. The major object in the organization is to protect and promote the concerns of all persons who are dealing in the processing of textile products in Dyeing, Printing and Finishing.
For the recent development in the chemical sector of Pakistan, it must create its own capability and accomplish self-sufficiency in project design, engineering as well as the construction management required for the commercialization of technologies. There is a need to develop qualifications in the creation of medium and high technology based chemicals for export, along with the present industrial structure based on low technology resource based products. Above all, Pakistan must provide suitable inducements to entrepreneurs for the enlargement of an export-oriented chemical industry.
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